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Peru, known as the Republic of Peru in full, is a country located in the western part of South America, neighbors Ecuador and Colombia in the north, borders Brazil and Bolivia in the east, connected to Chile in the south, close to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and it is a member of the Association of South American countries.

Peru breeded Norte Chico prehistoric civilization which is one of the earliest civilizations of America as well as the Inca Empire which is the biggest country in the time of pre-Columbus in America. In the 16th century, the Spanish Empire conquered the Inca Empire, established the Peruvian governorate, containing most of the Spanish colonies in South America. After independence in 1821, Peru experienced both political turmoil, financial crisis, and political stability and economic development.

The present Peru is the presidential system of democratic republics, and the country is divided into 25 regions. The Andes are traversing the land from north to south, the western coastal areas are arid plains, while the eastern part is the Amazon Basin tropical rain forest. Peru is a developing country with a moderate level of human development. About 50% of the country's population lives in poverty. The main economic activities are agriculture, fisheries, mining and manufacturing (eg, textiles).

The population is 30,946,000 (2013), and ethnic groups include Indian Aborigines, Europeans, Africans and Asians. The official language is Spanish, while some areas geneally use generic Quechua and other dialects. The integration of national cultural traditions creates a pluralistic expression in the fields of art, diet, literature and music.